• Notes

    • CheatSheet: networking

      It is important to understand networking fundamentals when troubleshooting computer incidents and when investigating security threats. Most of the informtion in this note is a documented standard or guideline of some kind, proprietary systems may operate in unexpected ways.

    • Private IP Classes

      Class A: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

      Class B: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

      Class C: 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

    • Reserved IP Ranges

      127.0.0.0/8 - IPv4 Loopback Address

      255.255.255.255/32 - IPv4 Broadcast Address

      ::1 - IPv6 Loopback Address

    • Port Ranges

      Well-Known [0,1023]

      Registered [1024,49151]

      Dynamic/Private [49152, 65535]

    • Common Ports & Services

      7 - Ping/Echo Protocol

      20 - FTP Protocol - Port for transferring FTP data

      21 - FTP Protocol - Port for FTP Control/Commands

      22 - SSH Protocol

      23 - Telnet Protocol

      25 - Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)

      53 - Domain Name System (DNS)

      67 - BootStrap Protocol (BOOTP) or DHCP

      68 - BootStrap Protocol (BOOTP) or DHCP

      80 - HTTP - Basic Web

      81 - Torpark - Onion routing port

      82 - Torpark Control Port

      88 - Kerberos authenticating agent

      156 - SQL Service

      161 - Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

      179 - Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

      264 - Border Gateway Multicast Protocol (BGMP)

      389 - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

      443 - HTTPS - Web over TLS/SSL

      445/TCP - Microsoft-DS (Active Directory, Windows Shares)

      445/UDP - Microsoft-DS SMB File Sharing

      514/UDP - Syslog Protocol

      989 - FTP Protocol (data) over TLS/SSL

      990 - FTP Protocol (control) over TLS/SSL